References

Lusby PE, Coombes A, Wilkinson JM. Honey. J Wound Ostomy Cont Nurs. 2002; 29:(6)295-300 https://doi.org/10.1097/00152192-200211000-00008

Contribution to the Healing of Anastomosis by Preventing Surgical Wound Infection. 2021. https://tinyurl.com/yx7np9j3

Parham S, Kharazi AZ, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiviral properties of herbal materials. Antioxidants. 2020; 9:(12) https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121309

Lempiäinen H, Shore D. Growth control and ribosome biogenesis. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2009; 21:(6)855-863 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2009.09.002

Ma Z, Kanai M, Kawamura K Interaction between ROCK II and nucleophosmin/B23 in the regulation of centrosome duplication. Mol Cell Biol. 2006; 26:(23)9016-9034 https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.01383-06

Schwarzacher H, Wachtler F. The nucleolus. Anat Embryol (Berl). 1993; 188:(6)515-536 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00187008

Boulon S, Westman BJ, Hutten S The nucleolus under stress. Mol Cell. 2010; 40:(2)216-227 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2010.09.024

Ban KA, Minei JP, Laronga C American College of Surgeons and Surgical Infection Society: surgical site infection guidelines, 2016 Update. J Am Coll Surg. 2017; 224:(1)59-74 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2016.10.029

Meo SA, Al-Asiri SA, Mahesar AL, Ansari MJ. Role of honey in modern medicine. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2017; 24:(5)975-978 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.12.010

Almuhayawi MS. Propolis as a novel antibacterial agent. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2020; 27:(11)3079-3086 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.016

Didaras NA, Karatasou K, Dimitriou TG Antimicrobial activity of bee-collected pollen and beebread: state of the art and future perspectives. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020; 9:(11) https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9110811

Wang D, Baumann A, Szebeni A, Olson MO. The nucleic acid binding activity of nucleolar protein B23.1 resides in its carboxyl-terminal end. J Biol Chem. 1994; 269:(49)30994-30998 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47380-2

Huang N, Negi S, Szebeni A, Olson MO. Protein NPM3 interacts with the multifunctional nucleolar protein B23/nucleophosmin and inhibits ribosome biogenesis. J Biol Chem. 2005; 280:(7)5496-5502 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M407856200

Yun JP, Chew EC, Liew CT Nucleophosmin/B23 is a proliferate shuttle protein associated with nuclear matrix. J Cell Biochem. 2003; 90:(6)1140-1148 https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.10706

Lindström MS, Zhang Y. Ribosomal protein S9 is a novel B23/NPM-binding protein required for normal cell proliferation. J Biol Chem. 2008; 283:(23)15568-15576 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M801151200

Maeda Y, Hisatake K, Kondo T Mouse rRNA gene transcription factor mUBF requires both HMG-box1 and an acidic tail for nucleolar accumulation: molecular analysis of the nucleolar targeting mechanism. EMBO J. 1992; 11:(10)3695-3704 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05454.x

Lafontaine DL, Riback JA, Bascetin R The nucleolus as a multiphase liquid condensate. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-020-0272-6

Saritas A, Gunes H, Colakoglu S Are there any effects of chronic carbon monoxide exposure on argyrophilic nucleolar-organizing region–associated protein synthesis in rat myocardium?. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2016; 35:(9)921-928 https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327115608929

Eroz R, Saritas A, Colakoglu S Evaluation of argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region–associated protein synthesis in femoral muscle cells of rats exposed 3000 ppm carbon monoxide gas. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2016; 8:(1)9-13 https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327114531994

Çolakoğlu S, Saritas A, Eroz R Is one-time carbon monoxide intoxication harmless? Evaluation by argyrophilic nucleolar-organizing regions staining method. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2015; 34:(1)24-31 https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327114531994

Eroz R, Cucer N, Karaca Z The evaluation of argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region proteins in fine-needle aspiration samples of thyroid. Endocr Pathol. 2011; 22:(2)74-78 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-011-9161-z

Oktay M, Eroz R, Oktay N Argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region associated protein synthesis for cytologic discrimination of follicular thyroid lesions. Biotech Histochem. 2015; 90:(3)179-183 https://doi.org/10.3109/10520295.2014.976271

Ertekin T, Bozkurt O, Eroz R May argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region-associated protein synthesis be used for selecting the most reliable dose of drugs such as rhamnetin in cancer treatments?. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2016; 117:(11)653-658 https://doi.org/10.4149/BLL_2016_126

Nisari M, Eröz R. Does capsaicin have therapeutic benefits in human colon adenocarcinoma? Selection of the most reliable dose via AgNOR. Turk J Med Sci. 2020; 50:(4)1076-1081 https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2003-251

Tasdemir S, Eroz R, Dogan H Association between human hair loss and the expression levels of nucleolin, nucleophosmin, and UBTF genes. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers. 2016; 20:(4)197-202 https://doi.org/10.1089/gtmb.2015.0246

Frottin F, Schueder F, Tiwary S The nucleolus functions as a phase-separated protein quality control compartment. Science. 2019; 365:(6451)342-347 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw9157

Damar İH, Eroz R. Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions as new biomarkers in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2022; 9:(2) https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9020058

Kabaklıoğlu M, Eroz R, Kaya M. May argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions be used as a biomarker for the detection of the degree of ischemic damage instead of tunel in testicular torsion?. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021; 57:(11) https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57111177

Plant extracts
Wound healing

Expression of nucleolin, nucleophosmin, upstream binding transcription factor genes and propolis in wound models

01 October 2022
Research

Abstract

Objective:

Nucleolar proteins have important functions in the regulation of cell homeostasis and play a crucial role in sensing various types of stress, such as genotoxic stress. Propolis has epithelial, analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral effects. This study aimed to evaluate the gene expression levels of nucleolar proteins: nucleolin (NCL); nucleophosmin (NPM1); and upstream binding transcription factor (UBTF), as well as the benefits of propolis in wound healing.

Method:

This experimental study was conducted by creating clean and clean–contaminated wounds according to the Surgical Site Infection Guidelines, 2016. A total of seven animal groups were included in the study: control; laparotomy; anastomosis; fucidic acid with/without anastomosis; propolis with/without anastomosis Results: Statistically significant differences of levels of gene expression among the groups were detected for NCL (p=0.004), NPM1 (p=0.011) and UBTF (p=0.000). When the expression levels of the related genes and blood parameters are considered, the relationship between NCL, NPM1 and UBTF expression levels and blood parameters (NE, EO, NE(%), LY, LY(%), EO, EO(%), MO, MO(%), RBC, HB, HCT, MCV, MCHC, RDW, RDW(%), PLT, PDW and PCT) were statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The nucleolar proteins such as NCL, NPM1 and UBTF have important functions in cell viability and its maintenance under various condition such as stress and injury. Additionally, propolis has positive benefits in wound healing and in the prevention of wound infection. Our findings provide the first insights into the putative role of those proteins in wound healing.

Re-epithelialisation, preventing microbial growth and reducing pain are the main concerns in the treatment of wounds. Postoperative wound infections delay wound healing in laparotomies, especially in cases with perforated appendicitis, peptic ulcer perforation, traumatic intestinal/colonic perforations, severe peritonitis and intra-abdominal infection that require resection/anastomosis of the intestinal structure. Even in clean wounds, such as with diagnostic laparotomy where there is no contact with intestinal structures, postoperative wound infections and delayed wound healing can be a cause of morbidity and even mortality. Older care patients who are bedbound, patients with diabetes, patients with AIDS, patients undergoing radiotherapy/chemotherapy and people with haematological diseases, such as aplastic anaemia, are particularly vulnerable to wound infection and delayed wound healing. This prolongs hospital stay, delays recovery and incurs additional costs.1

Throughout history, herbal and animal products or their derivatives have been used for medical purposes in the treatment of various diseases and wounds. Propolis, which is produced by bees, is one such product. It has epithelial, analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral effects2 with no reported side-effects. It has been reported that microbial resistance does not develop against propolis.3

Register now to continue reading

Thank you for visiting Journal of Wound Care's Silk Road Supplement and reading some of our peer-reviewed resources for healthcare professionals across Asia. To read more, please register today.

Register
Or continue by

Signing in with your registered email address

antibacterial
antifungal
antiviral
bee propolis
gene expression
nucleolar proteins
nucleolin
nucleophosmin
upstream binding transcription factors
wound
wound care
wound dressing
wound healing